Product Name: 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Synonyms: γ-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, APTES
CAS Number: 919-30-2
Recommended Use: Surface modifier, adhesion promoter, coupling agent in glass, mineral, and resin applications; functional additive in resins and coatings
Manufacturer: Commonly produced and distributed by specialty chemical and materials suppliers
Emergency Contact: Local poison control center or manufacturer emergency line
Classification: Flammable liquid, irritant to skin and eyes, sensitizer, harmful to aquatic life
GHS Label Elements: Signal word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor; causes skin irritation; causes serious eye irritation; may cause respiratory irritation; harmful if swallowed
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from sources of ignition; avoid breathing vapors or spray; use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area; wear protective gloves and eye protection; avoid release to the environment
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Potential Health Effects: Skin redness, blisters on prolonged contact, watery eyes, coughing, sore throat, headache, drowsiness
Chemical Name: 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Chemical Formula: C9H23NO3Si
CAS Number: 919-30-2
Concentration: 98-100% in most industrial grades
Impurities: Small amounts of related silanes or hydrolysis products
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air immediately, support breathing with oxygen if needed
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water, seek medical advice if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, hold eyelids open, remove contact lenses if present, continue rinsing; call physician
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, never induce vomiting, seek medical help right away
Most Important Symptoms: Burning, redness, swelling, cough, headache, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal discomfort
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical powder, foam, alcohol-resistant foam, or carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Do not use a solid water stream since spread of burning liquid can occur
Specific Hazards: Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air, combustion produces carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and silicon dioxide fumes
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear full-face self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical protective clothing
Advice for Firefighters: Cool containers with water spray, avoid inhaling fumes, evacuate area if necessary
Personal Precautions: Remove ignition sources, ensure proper ventilation, avoid breathing vapors, prevent skin and eye contact
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spillage from reaching sewers or watercourses
Methods for Clean-Up: Contain with non-combustible absorbent (like sand, earth, or vermiculite), collect and place in approved container for disposal; ventilate area
Cleanup Guidance: Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment, avoid creating vapor clouds
Handling Recommendations: Only open containers in ventilated areas, keep away from heat and flame, use spark-proof tools, avoid skin and eye contact
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed original containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from moisture and incompatible substances (acids, oxidizing agents)
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, water, acids; reacts with water to produce ethanol
Special Handling Advice: Ground and bond containers when transferring; do not eat, drink, or smoke when using
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation to minimize vapor exposure
Personal Protection: Wear appropriate gloves (nitrile or neoprene), chemical safety goggles, flame-retardant clothing, closed shoes
Respiratory Protection: Use organic vapor respirator if local exposure limits or ventilation is insufficient
Workplace Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA or ACGIH PEL/TLV listed for this compound; follow general chemical hygiene practices
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after handling, remove contaminated clothing promptly, keep work environment clean
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Amine-like, strong
Odor Threshold: Not established
pH (solution): Slightly basic upon hydrolysis
Melting Point: -70°C
Boiling Point: 217°C
Flash Point: 93°C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Not rapid under ambient conditions
Flammability: Moderately flammable liquid
Vapor Pressure: 0.17 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 5.7 (air=1)
Relative Density: 0.945 at 20°C (water=1)
Solubility: Reacts with water, soluble in alcohols and common organic solvents
Partition Coefficient: log Kow ~ 0.2–0.8 estimated
Auto-ignition Temperature: 260°C
Decomposition Temperature: Not fully known, but decomposes to ethoxy-containing fragments
Viscosity: 2.5–2.7 cP at 25°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling, hydrolyzes in presence of moisture
Reactive Hazards: Reacts vigorously with water and acids to form heat and ethanol
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon oxides, silicon oxides, nitrogen oxides, ethylene, ethanol
Polymerization: No hazardous polymerization expected under normal conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Avoid contact with water vapor; avoid excess heat, ignition sources, moisture, and strong oxidizers
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 in rats about 2295 mg/kg; inhalation LC50 (rat, 4 h) > 5 mg/l
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes moderate to severe irritation on contact
Eye Damage/Irritation: May cause severe irritation or even permanent injury in case of direct exposure
Respiratory Sensitization: Prolonged exposure can cause lung irritation or asthma-like symptoms
Chronic Effects: Not conclusively associated with cancer, reproductive, or mutagenic effects in humans
Other Toxic Effects: Could aggravate existing organ and allergy conditions
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms on acute exposure (EC50 Daphnia ~ 300–350 mg/L)
Persistence and Degradability: Undergoes hydrolysis in water to produce silanols and ethanol, biologically degradable
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low based on log Kow and modeled data
Mobility in Soil: Turns into silanols, binds to soil components, limited leaching expected
Other Harmful Effects: No evidence of long-term chronic aquatic toxicity at environmental concentrations
Product Disposal: Treat as hazardous waste under local, state, and national regulations; incinerate in permitted facility or bury in approved landfill
Container Disposal: Triple rinse empty containers, puncture, offer for recycling or dispose according to regulations
Precautions: Do not discharge to waterways or open environment, use licensed waste contractor
UN Number: UN 1993 (for flammable liquid, n.o.s.)
Proper Shipping Name: Flammable liquid, n.o.s. (contains 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane)
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: III (moderate hazard)
Environmental Hazards: Not Marine Pollutant
Special Precautions: Avoid storing with oxidizers or acids, keep below the flash point during transport, label and secure packaging
TSCA Inventory: Listed
EINECS/ELINCS: Listed under EC Number 213-048-4
OSHA Hazards: Irritant, flammable liquid; covered by Hazard Communication Standard
SARA Title III: Not specifically listed as a section 302 or 313 hazard, but general rules for chemical storage and spill prevention apply
REACH Registration: Registered under Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006
WHMIS (Canada): Classified as D2B (Toxic Materials Causing Other Toxic Effects), B2 (Flammable Liquid)
Other National Regulations: Subject to worker exposure confidentiality and hazard control requirements
