Some compounds bridge the gap between big industry and the quieter, but critical, world of applied chemistry. [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]trimethoxysilane came into play thanks to the decades-long drive to improve adhesion between organic and inorganic materials. Back in the 1960s and 70s, manufacturers and academics alike went after silanes to build better glues for fiberglass, plastics, coatings, and rubbers. This compound didn’t show up as the flashiest on market shelves, but it made a difference in the behind-the-scenes progress in automotive and electronics manufacturing. Those improvements let consumer products last longer, perform better, and stand up to the real world. Anyone working with composite materials owes a small debt to these early days of silane science—a movement full of tinkerers and risk-takers sharing results in trade journals and smoky labs.
A clear liquid at room temperature, [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]trimethoxysilane stands as an organosilane coupling agent. The molecule brings together three methoxy groups stuck to silicon and a cyclohexylamine group dangling from a propyl chain. The magic comes from its ability to bond with siliceous surfaces and react with resins, urethanes, and epoxies. This crossroad of chemical worlds gives people options to improve adhesive bonds, boost weatherability, and reduce corrosion. Its value comes alive wherever glass and metal need to meet plastic and rubber on their own terms.
Anyone handling this silane takes note of its clear, colorless appearance and a distinct, almost amine-like odor. The liquid comes in with a boiling point around 290°C, giving operators some breathing room in higher temperature applications. Its specific gravity hovers near 1.03 at 25°C, meaning it pours and mixes into typical resin systems without drama. On the chemical side, the methoxy groups hydrolyze quickly in humid air or water, transforming into silanols ready to bond with mineral surfaces. The cylohexylamine end shows mild basicity and introduces steric hindrance, changing how the molecule orients itself at interfaces. These properties drive conversations in product development meetings, where performance must meet the demands of dust, heat, and time.
On a typical label, you’ll spot technical details: purity (by GC, typically 97–99%), minimal water content (below 0.5%), and absence of chloride impurities. Manufacturers package this silane under an inert gas, usually nitrogen, in amber glass or steel containers to keep out light and moisture. Standard sizes range from smaller lab bottles (100 mL) to commercial drums (200 L), and each shipment carries a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) highlighting hazard statements and personal protective measures. Many users want to see CAS number 3068-78-8 as assurance of identity, and certifications track compliance with global chemical control laws. If you work with this material, look for those detailed spec sheets. Lab mistakes come down to mismatched labels and skipped checks.
Most commercial synthesis routes start with reacting 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane with cyclohexylamine under controlled temperature and pressure. Benefiting from a straightforward nucleophilic substitution, the process avoids exotic catalysts or solvents. Temperature control matters, since overreaction or side products weaken batch reliability. Reaction mixtures spend time under vacuum stripping to remove unreacted amine and methanol byproduct. The final product often needs distillation for high-purity batches, particularly for semiconductor or optical applications. Even small missteps affect surface performance later, reinforcing why process engineers tweak these steps so often.
The silane earns its reputation in surface modification chemistry. In the presence of water, the methoxy groups convert to silanols, which then bond to glass, silica, alumina, or fiberglass surfaces. As these bonds form, the cyclohexylamine group stays available for further reactions with isocyanates, epoxides, or carboxylic acids embedded in the binder matrix. Its hydrophobic tail also helps reduce water uptake, a key trait in weather-durable coatings. Smart formulation chemists use this dual functionality to anchor organic resins to mineral fillers, building performance where failures once piled up.
Depending on the source or regional supplier, you might find [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]trimethoxysilane going by names such as Silane, 3-(N-cyclohexylamino)propyltrimethoxy-, or Cyclohexylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Some catalogues shorten it to CHAP-TMS or offer supplier-specific brands—Momentive, Gelest, and Evonik list similar silanes under varied SKUs. Distributors occasionally push trade names, but the chemical backbone defines its capabilities, not the packaging.
Safety practices follow conventional wisdom on handling silanes and amine compounds. Direct skin contact triggers irritation, and vapors released in confined spaces provoke coughing and discomfort. Labs and factories install local exhaust and require gloves, goggles, and chemical aprons. Long-term storage stays cool and dry, with open containers resealed after use. Fire departments care about the reactive methoxy groups, since they can ignite under certain leaks or spills. Recent incidents underline that basic training on silane spills and first aid reduces risk, and regular drills keep staff sharp.
Manufacturers use [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]trimethoxysilane across a spectrum of industries aiming to build or repair composites. Electronics firms treat glass fibers before embedding them in circuit boards or housings. Auto companies run it through weatherstrip and rubber sealant lines, improving durability at the seams and joints exposed to heat and spray. Paint and coatings producers use this molecule to bind specialty pigments to glass or ceramic microbeads, and some textile finishers treat flame-resistant fabrics for tougher industrial gear. These aren’t high-visibility changes, but the jump in bond strength, corrosion resistance, and wear performance meets customer demands year after year.
Research teams chase new performance records by experimenting with this silane in emerging matrix materials. Polymer composites, next-gen glassfiber products, and waterborne epoxies all benefit from the coupling power offered by that amine-silane combo. In recent years, pitches at industry conferences focus on fine-tuning dosages, hybrid blends, or surface treatments that widen its applicability. Labs track down faster cure times, stronger adhesion at low temperatures, and improved chemical resistance. Collaborations between university chemists and manufacturers renew interest in patents and process secrets, but stepwise improvements in bond durability and chemical compatibility continue to help everyday products outlast their predecessors.
Toxicological investigations consistently show low acute toxicity, but repeated exposure without safeguards has led to eye, nose, and skin irritation. Inhalation in poorly ventilated workspaces bothers the respiratory tract, prompting OSHA and EU CLP regulations to assign hazard statements for workplace exposure. Animal studies haven’t shown significant systemic toxicity or carcinogenicity at levels seen in typical manufacturing settings, yet chronic data remains limited compared to more widely used silanes. Bottom line: trained handlers and proactive ventilation matter. Most incidents happen during cleaning or transfer while rushing—it pays to stick to established safety routines every time.
Looking forward, demand for advanced bonding agents rises as electronics shrink, automotive systems get lighter and stronger, and sporting goods manufacturers compete for strength and impact resistance. This silane stays relevant with its unique hybrid structure—offering adaptable chemistry for new generations of polymer blends and mineral fillers. Research investments explore greener production routes, lower volatility during processing, and compatibility with bio-based resins. Circular economy initiatives nudge makers toward lower-emission versions. Companies hungry for environmentally responsible, high-performance adhesives give this compound a second look. Stronger, cleaner, and more durable connections make products last longer and reduce resource waste, nudging the whole industry forward.
Someone once asked me why certain chemicals seem to pop up again and again in industrial settings. 3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane is one that always seemed tucked away on supply lists for research labs and manufacturing plants. Not many people outside the industry realize its main role: this compound acts as a silane coupling agent. In plain language, it’s the bridge between inorganic materials, like glass or metals, and organic polymers, like rubber or plastic. Without that bridge, you end up with materials that peel apart or don’t perform well together.
Over the years, I’ve seen firsthand how sticking dissimilar materials together leads to better products. Picture rubber meeting glass or metal without something in the middle—most of the time, the bond fails. The chemical structure of 3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane lets it latch to both the inorganic and organic sides. Manufacturers use it as a surface treatment, applying it to surfaces to help adhesives or coatings cling more tightly. Research from the Journal of Adhesion Science highlights these silanes for boosting the strength of bonds in everything from fiber-reinforced composites to weatherproof sealants. Bridging this gap helps cut waste, extend product life, and reduce recurrences of failure, all critical factors as industries push for sustainable practices.
Not long ago, I visited a plant that churns out wind turbine blades. These blades need to stay strong under constant stress and changing weather. Silane agents, like this compound, tie glass fibers to the resin matrix, stopping microcracks before they ever form. It’s not just the turbine industry relying on this. Automotive manufacturers turn to this chemical for making parts lighter and more durable—by blending plastics with metal or glass, they shave off unnecessary weight while building vehicles that handle hard knocks. Construction workers benefit, too, since treating concrete with silanes fends off water and chemicals, making new buildings tougher for the long haul.
Every year, demand grows for composites that mix and match materials. With the right silane coupling agent, designers experiment with new blends instead of sticking to tired old recipes. This flexibility allows companies to develop more efficient processes, replacing expensive materials or harsh treatments. As regulations around chemical usage change, chemists need coupling agents that check boxes for worker safety and minimal environmental impact. The market has responded with improved formulations and better handling and storage instructions for these products.
All this progress depends on keeping production lines safe and reliable. Silane compounds can irritate skin and lungs if handled carelessly. So, factories should stick with tight protocols, constant air monitoring, and effective training. Research from the American Chemical Society finds that nano-scale dust from untreated silane surfaces poses health risks. The answer lies in sourcing quality-verified products, storing them in dry, sealed spaces, and training staff well. Open communication between suppliers, managers, and lab workers ensures trouble-free operations.
Storing chemicals like [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]Trimethoxysilane calls for some real-world know-how. Forget about tossing containers in any empty spot in the lab or warehouse. You can’t overlook this step because carelessness leads to accidents, damaged goods, and sometimes a hefty fine from regulators. I’ve worked in environments where chemicals sat too close to heat sources. Sooner or later, you’ll see leaks, ruined labels, or the odor that warns you something’s gone south.
This silane has some real character. Moisture starts a reaction that gives off methanol, which itself poses health hazards without the proper ventilation. Once, we ended up scrubbing a sticky mess off shelves just because the crew believed a “dry corner” sufficed. Take those warnings on the label seriously. This chemical’s vapors, and residues after a spill, can irritate the skin and eyes or even cause headaches, meaning there’s no shortcut here.
Best storage means a cool, dry spot, far from sunlight and sources of moisture. Heat speeds up decomposition and invites pressure spikes inside drums or bottles. Once, humidity in a storage closet led to unplanned polymerization. After the cleanup, the company updated its standard operating procedures to require silanes to stay in a desiccated cabinet away from outside air.
Shelving should hold the chemical at eye level or lower. Don’t keep it above head height since fumbling could send a container crashing. Shelves must be sturdy. Spilled liquids from any shelf turn into slip hazards within minutes—ask anyone who’s cleaned up after a toppled carboy.
Original packaging, with solid, airtight seals, works best. Transferring to unmarked or mismatched glassware is asking for confusion or chemical reactions with the wrong materials. Polyethylene bottles usually hold up fine, but regular checks for cracked caps and degraded labels help avoid a silent disaster. Just last year, I saw a storage crate with faded writing. No one could identify the contents without calling in a senior tech who remembered the batch. Keep labeling crisp and chemical names unmistakable.
Training saves more than time. New folks on the team come with varied backgrounds and sometimes slip up with specialized compounds. I’ve seen staff store incompatible chemicals together out of pure habit, ending with ruined inventory. Safety data sheets should be at arm’s length, and everyone working around these silanes ought to know the risks of methanol and the steps to handle a leak or spill.
Good airflow in storage keeps vapors from collecting. Leaving these materials in a closet or hot trailer makes a perfect recipe for headaches—or something worse. Fire safety means keeping flammable solvents well apart. My experience with an overloaded storage room taught me that packing chemicals too close is useless if you want to avoid insurance nightmares, or worse, a call to emergency services.
At the end of its shelf life, don’t gamble on shortcuts. Follow local hazardous waste disposal rules. Storing leftover or aging [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]Trimethoxysilane for “future use” backfires more often than not. A clear disposal pathway, reviewed every year, keeps labs and warehouses safer and avoids legal headaches.
No one forgets their first close call with a dangerous substance. Mine happened as a rookie technician, overconfident and distracted for ten minutes too long. I learned fast that respect for chemicals is not optional—it is the rule that keeps you healthy and gets everyone home at night. The material in front of you, no matter how routine it seems, deserves your attention and understanding.
Dig up the Safety Data Sheet before taking action. This document holds details about hazards, protective gear, storage advice, and spill precautions. I have seen colleagues skip this step and pay for it with burns or breathing problems. The sheet will tell you if gloves, goggles, face shields, or respirators are necessary. Taking ten minutes to check the facts protects you for hours, or even years, down the line.
Wearing gloves and goggles can feel like overkill, but they keep your skin and eyesight intact if something splashes. Long sleeves and lab coats do more than just meet dress codes—they stop corrosive droplets and dust from reaching your body. Closed-toe footwear might feel hot in the summer, but nobody wants chemicals soaking into their socks. There’s a reason seasoned workers always suit up, even when nobody’s watching.
Exposure to fumes messes with your lungs and sometimes your brain. Good airflow pulls harmful vapors away from your face, and local exhaust systems remove the danger at its source. If that’s impossible, a mask—not just a bandana—can offer a real barrier. I’ve known people who stopped trusting their sense of smell, because it fades after regular exposure; only proper ventilation stands up to invisible threats.
Spills can surprise even the experts. The right response depends on preparation, not panic. Know the protocol for neutralizing or absorbing liquid hazards, and stock your station with spill kits, baking soda or sand, and emergency showers. Inhalation or skin contact should mean an immediate wash with plenty of water, not a frantic search for instructions. Drills help, but nothing beats actual practice and clear emergency phone numbers posted on the wall.
Leaving incompatible chemicals side by side on a shelf sets up trouble. Acids and bases don’t mix safely, and oxidizers spark fires when left around flammable materials. Keep chemicals in secure containers, label them clearly, and follow refrigeration or humidity guidelines. Every lab accident I’ve read about usually traces back to someone ignoring basic storage rules. Lock cabinets stop wandering hands, especially in spaces shared across shifts or by newcomers.
No one handles chemicals the right way all the time by guessing. Proper instruction stops bad habits before they start. I have seen teams gather for refresher sessions and talk through last month’s mistakes, always learning from each other. New hires, part-time helpers, and experienced supervisors all benefit from saying things out loud and seeing them in action. Real knowledge grows from repetition and honest discussion—not from silent reading of posters on the wall.
Handling a chemical safely isn’t about one perfect moment—it’s about making good choices every day. Leadership that encourages questions and listens to concerns catches small mistakes early. Clear signage, well-maintained gear, and easy access to safety equipment make safe handling the default, not the exception. Through speaking up and sticking to what works, everyone keeps the risk as low as it can possibly go.
Stepping into any chemistry lab or manufacturing space, you see names like [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]Trimethoxysilane—complex, a tongue-twister, and perhaps not so familiar unless you work in surface treatment, adhesives, or rubber production. Labels and paperwork say a lot, but people want real talk: is this stuff truly hazardous, either for health or the environment?
Skin contact with organosilane compounds like this one often leads to irritation—sometimes redness, sometimes a full rash. A glove slip during clean-up once left my wrist blotchy for days. That experience made me rethink how easily these chemicals sneak past “standard” PPE or routine. Inhalation fumes usually smell like strong solvents, and the safety sheets back up those first instincts: this compound can irritate lungs and eyes. A whiff is enough for headaches and coughing.
Long-term exposure tells a deeper story. Chronic breathing of volatile silanes leads to respiratory discomfort—not a one-time headache, but the kind of rough throat that keeps you up at night. NTP and IARC guidance won’t call it a carcinogen, but animal studies highlight organ toxicity if exposure goes unchecked. Accidental splashes, especially around the eyes or open skin, make a real difference. I’ve seen coworkers switch roles after recurring sensitivity.
Wastewater receives most of the runoff from processed silanes. Under sunlight and air, trimethoxysilane groups break apart, but not always fast enough to avoid trouble. Local discharge into drains or accidental spills leaves residues clinging to pipes, especially in old buildings. Silanes don't float off like acetone, nor do they stick around forever like heavy metals. They linger in the middle, sometimes breaking into smaller organics that aquatic life can't handle. Fish often act as early warning signals; lab trials show low-dose, chronic silane exposure impairs gill function. Studies from university research tanks document behavioral changes and stunted growth.
It’s tempting to trust that industrial waste treatment catches every drop, though real life gets messy. Overloads happen, and chemical balance shifts in municipal plants. Runoff leaches downstream, seeds bioaccumulation, and leaves local riverkeepers worried during summer low-tide. I’ve helped scrub down mixing basins and seen rainbow sheens form on the water after a single mistake.
Standing in front of a bench, lab coat zipped, dotted with reminders of old stains, you learn nothing replaces careful handling. Switching to nitrile gloves instead of latex blocks that first tingling itch. Good ventilation keeps the work room from feeling “heavy.” Keeping tight lids on bottles, storing drums in cool spots, and not letting small drips become puddles goes further than most realize.
Outside the workplace, industry standards demand closed-loop systems, solid emergency plans, and regular environmental sampling. Companies shift toward greener silane alternatives in adhesives and coatings. Each new batch tested for lower toxicity gives workers and local water a chance to recover. Community watchdog groups and public reporting create real accountability, not just box-checking. Regulators like OSHA and the EPA flag high-silane facilities for extra inspections.
Reading up, talking to old hands, or just paying attention makes each bottle a little less mysterious, a little safer. Health and environment both benefit from remembering nothing in a lab acts in isolation.
Working with [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]Trimethoxysilane can feel a bit like having a secret weapon in a formulator’s toolkit. Its structure grabs your attention right away. On one end, that cyclohexyl ring tacked to the aminopropyl chain brings extra muscle to adhesion and compatibility with organic materials. On the other, the trimethoxysilane group locks tightly onto glass, metal, or mineral surfaces. Anyone who has spent time mixing silanes knows that balancing these features can make or break a final product.
In the real world, relying on just one silane rarely satisfies every requirement. For paints, adhesives, or sealants, the blend means everything. Tossing [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]Trimethoxysilane in with something like methyltrimethoxysilane kicks up crosslink density and surface hardness. Pulling in a vinyl or epoxy-functional silane can widen the window for curing, or bump up strength where other additives fall short.
What usually draws people into combining these molecules is the challenge of surface prep and durability. Plain silanes rarely last on mineral-based fillers or fiberglass. More often, they wash out, crack, or peel. Tuning the ratio—my own work in tire compounding comes to mind—can mean the difference between bonding that survives heat and wear, and a failure that shows up far too soon.
Spend a day in a coatings lab and the value of synergy becomes obvious. [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]Trimethoxysilane offers strong wet adhesion, but it brings a specific reactivity profile. I’ve learned that if you mix it with other silanes that hydrate too quickly, you get clumps, wasted material, and coatings that never live up to their paper specs. Couple it instead with silanes that hydrolyze at a similar rate, and film formation happens smoothly, even on tricky substrates like galvanized steel or reinforced concrete.
Real numbers back this up: a research group at the Fraunhofer Institute showed blends produced up to 40% greater peel strength versus single-silane treatments. Crosslinking with amino silanes extends the working time—meaning even on humid days, you can still lay down a coating without panic.
Getting the most out of mixed silane systems starts with a clear understanding of each ingredient’s quirks. Watch the water content, since excess moisture can force rapid hydrolysis and lead to premature curing. Stir in small batches, test each new formulation on the intended surfaces, and measure more than just bond strength—track weather resistance, chemical stability, and even how well the surface accepts paint or adhesive later on.
People often ignore the pH of the formulation, but based on my trials, keeping conditions slightly acidic usually curbs unwanted condensation reactions. Silanes don’t operate in a vacuum: coupling agents, fillers, and pH all twist the outcome.
Many product failures boil down to missing these practical steps. Adding [3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]Trimethoxysilane to a blend makes sense if you want better water resistance and compatibility with plastics or rubbers, but easy wins rarely come from one-size-fits-all recipes. Take time to run side-by-side comparisons; sometimes a 5% tweak in silane content can flip a product from adequate to best-in-class.
The best solutions don’t always show up in textbooks. Real lab experience, honest reporting of setbacks, and small, smart changes in formulation can turn a good idea into a lasting result. The key is paying attention—to both the chemistry and the subtle, real-world differences each change brings.
![[3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]Trimethoxysilane](/static/26ffdaf2-b05a-4718-b9a8-e71fecc06434/images/2d/3-n-cyclohexylamino-propyl-trimethoxysilane.png)
![[3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)Propyl]Trimethoxysilane](/static/26ffdaf2-b05a-4718-b9a8-e71fecc06434/images/3d/3-n-cyclohexylamino-propyl-trimethoxysilane.gif)
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 3-[Cyclohexyl(propan-3-yl)amino]propyl(trimethoxy)silane |
| Other names |
GC 906 N-Cyclohexyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane 3-(N-Cyclohexylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane Silquest A-1130 A-1130 |
| Pronunciation | /θri ɛn saɪ.kloʊˈhɛk.sɪl.əˌmiː.noʊ ˈproʊ.pəl traɪˌmɛθ.ɒk.siˈsaɪ.leɪn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 13822-56-5 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `CCCCCCN(CCCN)Si(OCH3)3` |
| Beilstein Reference | 1460425 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:66918 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL4296994 |
| ChemSpider | 118172 |
| DrugBank | DB22041 |
| EC Number | 26217-45-4 |
| Gmelin Reference | 104566-84-9 |
| KEGG | C19522 |
| MeSH | C07H19NO3Si |
| PubChem CID | 101681712 |
| RTECS number | TZ4300000 |
| UNII | 3V6F51I4YM |
| UN number | UN3334 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID7038530 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C12H27NO3Si |
| Molar mass | 261.43 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to yellow transparent liquid |
| Odor | Amine-like |
| Density | 0.974 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Solubility in water | miscible |
| log P | 1.6 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 10.1 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 5.76 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -7.44E-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.446 |
| Viscosity | 3 cP (25 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 3.05 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 495.8 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | No ATC code |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | `CC1CCCCN(C1)CCCO[Si](OC)(OC)OC` |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315, H318, H412 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-1-0 |
| Flash point | 72 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 238 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 Oral Rat 2413 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (oral, rat): 2413 mg/kg |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 200-500 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane N-Phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane N-Butylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane N-Ethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane N-Methylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane N-Cyclohexylaminopropyltriethoxysilane |
