Product Name: N-Hexadecyltriethoxysilane
Chemical Formula: C22H48O3Si
CAS Number: 16415-12-6
Synonyms: n-Hexadecyltriethoxysilane, Triethoxy(hexadecyl)silane
Intended Use: Surface treatment for glass, ceramics, metals, water repellents, adhesion promoter
Company Identification: Manufacturer and distributor’s details including address and emergency contact information
GHS Classification: Flammable Liquids (Category 3), Skin Irritation (Category 2), Eye Irritation (Category 2A), Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single Exposure (Category 3)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor. Causes skin and eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation.
Precautionary Statements: Keep container tightly closed. Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment. Avoid breathing vapors. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Wear protective gloves, clothing, and eye/face protection.
Pictograms: Flame, Exclamation Mark
Chemical Name: N-Hexadecyltriethoxysilane
Concentration: 98% or higher
Impurities: May contain trace amounts of alcohols or silanol compounds
Hazardous Components: None expected above notification limits
Other Components: No other ingredients contributing to the classification
Inhalation: Move exposed person to fresh air. Provide oxygen or artificial respiration in case of difficulty breathing. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Gently wash affected skin with water and mild soap for 15-20 minutes. If skin irritation occurs, get medical advice.
Eye Contact: Rinse opened eyes immediately with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids occasionally. Continue rinsing and call a physician.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly with water. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel. Give water to dilute and obtain medical attention..
Key Symptoms: Redness, irritation, coughing, headache, nausea, dizziness, blurred vision. Symptoms may worsen if exposure persists.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water jet
Specific Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Incomplete combustion may release carbon monoxide, silicon oxides, toxic fumes.
Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters require self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear.
Advice for Firefighters: Use water spray to cool unopened containers. Evacuate area if fire cannot be controlled. Approach fire from upwind to avoid toxic smoke.
Other Hazards: Containers exposed to heat may rupture or explode.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area. Wear chemical splash goggles, protective gloves, impervious clothing, and respiratory protection for large spills.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent runoff into drains or watercourses. Notify authorities if significant release occurs.
Spill Containment: Prevent spread by diking with inert material (sand, earth). Do not touch spilled material.
Cleanup Methods: Absorb liquid with inert absorbent, shovel into suitable chemical waste container, and dispose of in accordance with regulations. Ventilate area thoroughly.
Decontamination: Wash contaminated surfaces with water and mild detergent.
Safe Handling: Handle under well-ventilated conditions. Avoid inhaling vapor or mist. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Use non-sparking tools.
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from heat sources, sparks, open flames, and incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers or acids.
Container Requirements: Keep containers tightly closed and properly labeled. Use corrosion-resistant packaging.
Special Handling: Take precaution to prevent static discharge. Segregate from food, drink, and animal feed.
Incompatible Materials: Avoid contact with strong acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, and water.
Engineering Controls: Work in a chemical fume hood or with adequate local exhaust ventilation. Maintain eye wash station and safety shower accessible.
Exposure Limits: No occupational exposure limits established for this compound.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), splash-resistant safety goggles, impervious clothing, and, if ventilation is insufficient, NIOSH-certified organic vapor respirator.
Hygiene Measures: Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during use.
Monitoring: Consider atmospheric monitoring where necessary.
Appearance: Clear or pale yellowish liquid
Odor: Slight alcoholic or organic odor
pH: Not applicable (hydrolyzes in water)
Melting Point/Range: Below -10°C
Boiling Point: 349°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 104°C (closed cup)
Flammability: Combustible liquid
Explosion Limits: Not determined
Vapor Pressure: 0.13 mmHg at 20°C
Vapor Density: Heavier than air
Relative Density: 0.84-0.88 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Estimated log Kow 10.4 (highly hydrophobic)
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not determined
Decomposition Temperature: Not determined
Viscosity: 7-10 mPa.s at 20°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under standard temperature and pressure in the original container.
Reactivity: Hydrolyzes slowly in moisture to produce ethanol
Hazardous Reactions: Reacts with acids, bases, and water to form silanols and ethanol, which may increase pressure inside containers.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, water/moisture
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, silicon oxides, ethanol, potentially irritant and toxic fumes
Polymerization: Not expected to occur
Acute Toxicity: Limited information on acute toxicity. Estimated oral LD50 (rat): >5,000 mg/kg. Inhalation LC50 (rat): >20 mg/L (4 hrs).
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes irritation based on human/draize test or similar organosilane analogues.
Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes serious eye irritation, possibly reversible.
Respiratory Sensitization: May cause mild upper respiratory tract irritation if vapor concentrations are high.
Skin Sensitization: Not classified as skin sensitizer.
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, ACGIH, or OSHA.
Reproductive Toxicity: No data available for specific reproductive effects.
Target Organ Toxicity: Overexposure may cause headaches, dizziness, nausea. Longterm exposure effects not well studied.
Other Toxic Effects: No mutagenicity or chronic toxicity information available for the substance itself.
Ecotoxicity: Very toxic to aquatic organisms based on similar substances; high log Kow indicates potential persistence in the environment.
Persistence and Degradability: Hydrolyzes slowly in water, breaks down to silanols and ethanol, but side chains may persist.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Strong tendency to accumulate in aquatic organisms based on partition coefficient estimates.
Mobility in Soil: Expected to have low mobility due to hydrophobic character.
Other Adverse Effects: No data on ozone depletion, global warming, or other specific environmental impacts.
Wastewater Impact: Discharge to waterways or sewers should be avoided.
Product Disposal: Do not pour into drains or natural waters. Incinerate in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Use approved hazardous waste disposal service.
Contaminated Packaging: Empty and rinse containers with suitable solvent. Dispose of rinseate and containers as hazardous waste.
Uncleaned Packaging: Dispose of as hazardous waste. Do not attempt to reuse empty containers.
Special Precautions: Consult local, regional, or national authorities for disposal recommendations specific to your area.
Recycling: Only possible if decontamination can be guaranteed.
UN Number: UN 1993
UN Proper Shipping Name: Flammable liquid, n.o.s. (N-Hexadecyltriethoxysilane)
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquids)
Packing Group: III
Marine Pollutant: May be classified as a marine pollutant based on environmental toxicity
Special Precautions for Users: Keep away from ignition sources during transport. Ensure leakage prevention. Emergency response guide and fire-fighting measures supplied to drivers and handlers.
Transport in Bulk: Not recommended unless compatible containment and labeling provided.
Safety, Health, and Environmental Regulations: Listed or exempted under TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act). Registered under REACH in the European Union if imported above 1 tonne/year.
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard: Classified as hazardous.
SARA Title III Sections 302/304: Not extremely hazardous.
SARA Title III Section 311/312: Fire Hazard, Immediate Health Hazard
SARA Title III Section 313: Not subject to reporting.
Canadian WHMIS Classification: B3 (Combustible Liquid); D2B (Toxic Material Causing Other Toxic Effects)
Europe EC Classification: Xn (Harmful), R36/38 (Irritating to eyes and skin). S24/25 (Avoid contact with skin and eyes).
Inventory Status: Listed in AICS (Australia), DSL (Canada), EINECS (Europe, as CAS 16415-12-6), KECL (Korea), PICCS (Philippines), IECSC (China).
Other: Always comply with local, national, and international regulations on handling and disposal.
