Product Name: N-Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane
Synonyms: Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, 1-Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane
Chemical Formula: C19H42O3Si
CAS Number: 16415-12-6
Recommended Use: Surface treatment for glass, ceramics, metals; coupling agent; waterproofing
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GHS Classification: Flammable Liquid Category 3; Skin Irritation Category 2; Eye Irritation Category 2A
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory tract irritation.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, fumes, or mist. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Wear protective gloves, eye protection, and face protection. Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames.
Symptoms of Exposure: Redness and pain on skin, tearing and redness in eyes, coughing and sore throat following inhalation.
Chemical Name: N-Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane
Concentration: >95%
CAS Number: 16415-12-6
Impurities and stabilizing additives: Less than 5%, usually methanol as a hydrolysis byproduct
Hazardous Components: N-Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, trace levels of methanol
Inhalation: Move to fresh air promptly. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop or persist. Monitor for shortness of breath.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and rinse skin with water using soap. Get medical help if irritation occurs.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Seek medical attention immediately.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water. Seek medical attention.
Most Important Symptoms/Effects: Irritation, redness, burning sensation, sore throat.
Notes for Doctor: Treat symptomatically, consider risk of methanol exposure.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, CO₂, foam, or water spray. Use media appropriate for surrounding fire.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water stream may spread fire.
Hazards from Combustion: Emits toxic fumes including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, silicon oxides, and formaldehyde.
Protective Equipment: Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus.
Firefighting Instructions: Cool containers with water spray to prevent rupture. Remove containers from area if possible. Stay upwind, avoid breathing vapors.
Special Risks: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel. Use personal protective equipment including gloves, safety goggles, and face shield. Avoid breathing vapors or mist.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, surface waters, or soil. Report releases as required.
Spill Clean-up: Contain spillage with inert absorbent material such as sand or earth. Collect material in suitable containers for disposal. Ventilate affected area. Wash spill area with water and detergent.
Methods for Cleaning Up: For large spills, dike the area for later removal. For small spills, use absorbent pads or paper towels. Dispose of according to local regulations.
Notification Procedures: Inform authorities if product has entered watercourse or sewer.
Handling: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Do not breathe vapors or mist. Use only with adequate ventilation. Wash hands after handling. Avoid splashing or spraying.
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames. Store separate from food, oxidizers, acids, alkalis, and moisture.
Incompatible Materials: Water, moisture, strong oxidizing agents, acids, and alkalis.
Packaging Materials: Use containers made of stainless steel, glass, or high-density polyethylene.
Occupational Exposure Limits: Not established for N-Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane. Observe workplace limits for methanol where relevant.
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation. Install eye wash stations and emergency showers in work area.
Respiratory Protection: If ventilation is insufficient, wear approved respirator with organic vapor cartridge.
Hand Protection: Chemical resistant gloves such as nitrile or neoprene.
Eye Protection: Chemical safety glasses or goggles plus face shield.
Skin and Body Protection: Chemical resistant apron or protective clothing.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke while using product.
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Mild alcohol-like
pH: Not applicable
Melting Point: 15 – 20°C
Boiling Point: ~336°C
Flash Point: 92 – 96°C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Slow
Flammability (solid, gas): Flammable as a liquid
Upper/Lower Flammability Limits: Not established
Vapor Pressure: Low (<0.01 mmHg at 25°C)
Vapor Density: No data
Relative Density: 0.88–0.92 (20°C)
Solubility: Decomposes in water; soluble in organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): No data
Auto-ignition Temperature: 250°C
Decomposition Temperature: No data
Viscosity: 3–6 mPa.s at 25°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Reactivity: Reacts with water releasing methanol and generating silanols which may condense.
Conditions to Avoid: Exposure to moisture, heat, flames, or sparks.
Incompatible Substances: Water, acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Methanol, formaldehyde, silicon oxides, and carbon oxides.
Polymerization: Not expected under normal handling and storage conditions.
Acute Toxicity: Not fully tested in humans. Limited data suggest low acute oral toxicity. May cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Irritant; prolonged or repeated exposure causes redness, dryness, or cracking.
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes serious eye irritation; tearing and pain likely.
Respiratory/Skin Sensitization: Not classified as sensitizer.
Germ Cell Mutagenicity: No data found.
Carcinogenicity: Not identified as carcinogenic by NTP, IARC, or OSHA.
Reproductive Toxicity: No conclusive data.
STOT - Single/Repeated Exposure: Respiratory system irritation.
Aspiration Hazard: No information found.
Potential Health Effects: Inhalation can irritate respiratory tract. Contact on skin or eyes leads to strong irritation. Ingestion may irritate digestive tract; there is a risk of methanol release with hydrolysis.
Ecotoxicity: Not expected to be acutely toxic to aquatic life, but releases methanol on hydrolysis which is harmful to aquatic organisms.
Persistence and Degradability: Undergoes slow hydrolysis in water, forming silanols and methanol; silanols polymerize, methanol degrades in environment.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low for parent compound; moderate potential for methanol.
Mobility: Low mobility due to hydrophobic alkyl chain; hydrolysis product methanol disperses easily.
Other Adverse Effects: Avoid release to the environment. Not classified as PBT or vPvB.
Decomposition Products: Methanol may impact aquatic environments; no known bioaccumulation for silanols.
Disposal Methods: Dispose in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations for hazardous and chemical waste. Incineration in licensed facility preferred.
Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers retain product residue; treat as hazardous. Do not reuse container.
Sewage Disposal: Do not dispose into drains or waterways.
Recommendations: Consult appropriate authorities for local regulations. Neutralize or hydrolyze under controlled conditions prior to disposal if permitted by regulations.
Observe All Label Precautions: Follow handling and personal protective guidelines during disposal.
UN Number: 1993
UN Proper Shipping Name: Flammable Liquid, N.O.S. (contains N-Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane)
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquids)
Packing Group: III
Labels: Flammable liquid
Marine Pollutant: Not regulated as a marine pollutant
Special Precautions: Keep away from heat and sources of ignition. Secure containers prior to transport.
Transport in Bulk: Follow all applicable standards for hazardous liquid bulk transport.
Environmental Hazards: Not regulated, but prevent spillage in transit.
TSCA: Listed on the US Toxic Substances Control Act inventory
REACH: Registered under REACH (EC) No 1907/2006
OSHA: Flammable liquid under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
SARA Title III: Not listed as Extremely Hazardous, but methanol byproduct is covered
California Proposition 65: Methanol is listed; this substance forms methanol on contact with water
WHMIS (Canada): Flammable and irritant
Other Regulations: Comply with all workplace and environmental safety regulations covering flammable and hazardous chemicals. Review country-specific regulations as additional restrictions may apply.
